Food allergies aren’t just a minor inconvenience; for many people, they can be life-threatening. This is why the 14 Allergens List – the official roster of allergens that must be clearly declared under UK food law – plays a critical role in keeping consumers safe and informed. Whether you run a tiny café or a large restaurant chain, understanding these allergens can help prevent severe allergic reactions and build trust with your customers:

• Celery

• Gluten-containing cereals (wheat, barley, rye, oats)

• Crustaceans (e.g., crab, lobster)

• Eggs

• Fish

• Lupin

• Milk

• Molluscs (e.g., mussels, squid)

• Mustard

• Tree nuts (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios, walnuts)

• Peanuts

• Sesame seeds

• Soybeans

• Sulphur dioxide (above 10mg/kg or 10mg/L)

Understanding the list is only half the job; acting on it is what keeps both diners and businesses safe. The impact of clear allergen labelling cuts three ways: it keeps you on the right side of the law, shows customers you value their well-being, and ultimately strengthens your brand. Let’s look at each of those angles.

Legal compliance

The roots of the 14 allergens trace back to European legislation aimed at improving food transparency and safety. When the UK was part of the EU, it adopted these rules and continued to refine them at a national level.

After Brexit, the UK retained these standards and continued updating its rules in response to high-profile allergy incidents, including:

• Natasha’s Law (in effect since 2021) requires clear ingredient and allergen labels on pre-packed foods for direct sale –often impacting cafés and bakeries.

• Owen’s Law (proposed) goes a step further for non-prepackaged foods, demanding that restaurants, pubs, and similar businesses proactively highlight allergens on menus and signage. Read more about it here.

Failing to declare the 14 major allergens can lead to fines, forced closures, or damaging legal action. By staying compliant with these guidelines, you protect your business from penalties and maintain a good standing with regulatory bodies.

Customer trust and safety

Guests with allergies or intolerances need confidence that they can dine safely at your establishment. Showing clear allergen information with menus such as these, training your staff with the right tools, and reducing cross-contamination risks send the message that you value their well-being – thus boosting loyalty and word-of-mouth recommendations.

Business benefits

Beyond the legal and ethical obligations, transparent allergen practices can actually enhance your reputation. Customers increasingly favor businesses that demonstrate responsibility and care. By offering clear, accurate allergen info, you can stand out in a crowded market and foster positive relationships with both new and returning patrons.